Metal fabrication typically occurs in four steps:

1. Cutting

The raw sheet metal can be cut using a combination of laser cutting, turret press punching, mechanical shearing, and waterjet cutting. The cutting method often depends on a project's accuracy, material, and cost requirements.

2. Forming

Forming consists of one or more of the following techniques: folding, bending, stamping, punching holes, or machining. A piece of sheet metal that has been cut can be formed, stamped, or bent into the final shape. If the product requires holes, a drill or a hole punch is often used.

3. Assembly

After the metal parts are formed into shape, they may need to be assembled into a desired configuration for the final product. Separate parts can be joined together by methods such as fastening, riveting, welding, or bonding.

4. Finishing

For the final step, protective coatings such as paint, powder coat, or plating can be applied. The final product may also require cosmetic operations like brushing, polishing, or shining.